1. What is AI?

AI (Artificial Intelligence) is technology that allows machines to mimic human intelligence.

AI can:

• Understand language
• Recognize images
• Make decisions
• Solve problems
• Learn from data

Example

• Siri
• ChatGPT
• Self-driving cars

2. Rule-Based Systems vs AI

Simple Understanding

• Rule-based system = follows instructions
• AI = learns patterns

3. Relationship Between AI, ML, DL, and LLMs

AI
└── Machine Learning
    └── Deep Learning
        └── LLMs

4. What is an LLM?

LLM (Large Language Model) is an AI model trained on massive text data to understand and generate human language.

Examples

• Chat GPT
• Gemini
• Claude

What LLMs Can Do

• Answer questions
• Write content
• Translate languages
• Generate code
• Summarize text

5. What is a Token?

A token is a small piece of text processed by an LLM.

Example

Sentence:

"ChatGPT is amazing"

Possible tokens:

["Chat", "G", "PT", " is", " amazing"]

Important

LLMs read and generate tokens, not full sentences.

6. What Does "LLMs Predict Next Tokens" Mean?

LLMs work by predicting the most likely next token based on previous tokens.

Example

Input:

"The sky is"

Prediction:

" blue"

Then it continues:

"The sky is blue today."

One token at a time.

7. How Do LLMs Predict Tokens?

Step-by-Step Process

Example

Input:

"I drink coffee in the"

Possible predictions:

• morning → 80%
• car → 5%
• ocean → 1%

LLM chooses the most probable token.

8. What is Prompting?

Prompting means giving instructions or input to an AI.

Example Prompt

"Explain AI like I am 10 years old."

The instruction itself is called a prompt.

9. What Makes a Good Engineered Prompt?

Good Prompt Formula

Role + Context + Task + Output Format

Bad Prompt

"Tell me about AI"

Better Prompt

"Explain AI in simple language with examples for beginners."

Characteristics of Good Prompts

10. Prompt Engineering vs Context Engineering

Simple Understanding

• Prompt Engineering = Asking better questions
• Context Engineering = Giving better overall information

11. What is Zero-shot Prompting?

Giving a task without examples.

Example

"Translate this sentence into French."

No sample examples are given.

12. What is Few-shot Prompting?

Giving a few examples before asking the task.

Example

Dog → Animal
Rose → Flower
Carrot → ?

The AI learns the pattern from examples.

13. What is Chain of Thought (CoT) Prompting?

Asking AI to think step by step before answering.

Example

"Solve this problem step by step."

Why It Helps

• Better reasoning
• Fewer mistakes
• Improved problem solving

14. What is Meta Prompting?

Using AI to create or improve prompts.

Example

"Create a better prompt for learning Python."

AI helps design prompts for other AI tasks.

15. What is Agentic AI?

Agentic AI is AI that can:

• Plan tasks
• Make decisions
• Use tools
• Remember information
• Take actions autonomously

Example Tasks

• Booking tickets
• Sending emails
• Researching online
• Managing workflows

16. ChatGPT/Gemini vs Agentic AI

Example